“运行5级（或层）QoS模型”
有时他们还提到7级QoS模型。任何人都可以向我提供此处含义的Cisco IOS配置示例。因此，我的意思是一个配置示例，该示例显示了如何实现此功能（假设有这样的事情！）。我对IOS 12.whatever而不是15.whatever都比较熟悉，但是无论哪种都很棒。
我认为这些人引用的是5类设置的匹配流量，这是5个标准类之一下面并适当地处理流量；
DF默认值
EF加急转发
VA语音允许
AF保证转发
CS类选择器（为了向后兼容）
我正在寻找一个匹配5（或7！）类流量的IOS配置示例，然后应用适当的策略（我知道这是一个很大的模糊，不同的网络运营商可能希望对流量进行不同的处理，但这纯粹是出于教育目的。我希望看到5种不同类别的流量得到匹配和不同对待）。
边注
我' d非常有兴趣看到例如如何配置这种策略（例如100Mbps链接），以便使用简单的算法将其扩展至1Gbps或降低至10Mbps。我猜测要使此方法有效，整个QoS模式将需要保留缓冲区空间或分配存储桶空间，而不是例如使用策略来限制带宽？我认为这是因为您不知道语音，视频，数据或P2P / Torrent等在任何时候有多少带宽
#1 楼
思科称其为思科验证设计（CVD）。这些是思科推荐并经过测试的来自不同角度的网络设计，例如QoS，高可用性，WAN等。对于QoS，他们有3种不同的设计，分别具有4、8或12类，在下图。
从4类模型开始：
! This section defines the 4-Class class-maps
! (three are explicitly defined and one is default)
Router(config)# class-map match-any REALTIME
Router(config-cmap)# match dscp ef
! Matches VoIP
Router(config-cmap)# match dscp cs5
! Matches Broadcast Video
Router(config-cmap)# match dscp cs4
! Matches Realtime-Interactive
Router(config)# class-map match-any CONTROL
Router(config-cmap)# match dscp cs6
! Matches Network-Control
Router(config-cmap)# match dscp cs3
! Matches Signaling (control-plane traffic for voice/video infrastructure)
Router(config-cmap)# match dscp cs2
! Matches Network Management
Router(config)# class-map match-any CRITICAL-DATA
Router(config-cmap)# match dscp af41 af42 af43
! Matches Multimedia Conferencing on AF4
Router(config-cmap)# match dscp af31 af32 af33
! Matches Multimedia Streaming on AF3
Router(config-cmap)# match dscp af21 af22 af23
! Matches Transactional Data on AF2
Router(config-cmap)# match dscp af11 af12 af13
! Matches Bulk Data on AF1
! This section defines the 4-Class Policy-Map
Router(config)# policy-map WAN-EDGE-4-CLASS
Router(config-pmap)# class REALTIME
Router(config-pmap-c)# priority percent 33
! Provisions 33% LLQ for REALTIME class
Router(config-pmap-c)# class CONTROL
Router(config-pmap-c)# bandwidth percent 7
! Provisions 7% CBWFQ for CONTROL class
Router(config-pmap-c)# class CRITICAL-DATA
Router(config-pmap-c)# bandwidth percent 35
! Provisions 35% CBWFQ for CRITICAL-DATA class
Router(config-pmap-c)# fair-queue
! Enables fair-queuing pre-sorter on CRITICAL-DATA class
Router(config-pmap-c)# random-detect dscp-based
! Enables DSCP-based WRED on CRITICAL-DATA class
Router(config-pmap-c)# random-detect dscp af11 50 64
! Tunes WRED min and max drop-thresholds for AF11/10 to 50 and 64 packets
Router(config-pmap-c)# random-detect dscp af12 45 64
! Tunes WRED min and max drop-thresholds for AF12/12 to 45 and 64 packets
Router(config-pmap-c)# random-detect dscp af13 40 64
! Tunes WRED min and max drop-thresholds for AF13/14 to 40 and 64 packets
Router(config-pmap-c)# random-detect dscp af21 50 64
! Tunes WRED min and max drop-thresholds for AF21/18 to 50 and 64 packets
Router(config-pmap-c)# random-detect dscp af22 45 64
! Tunes WRED min and max drop-thresholds for AF22/20 to 45 and 64 packets
Router(config-pmap-c)# random-detect dscp af23 40 64
! Tunes WRED min and max drop-thresholds for AF23/22 to 40 and 64 packets
Router(config-pmap-c)# random-detect dscp af31 50 64
! Tunes WRED min and max drop-thresholds for AF31/26 to 50 and 64 packets
Router(config-pmap-c)# random-detect dscp af32 45 64
! Tunes WRED min and max drop-thresholds for AF32/28 to 45 and 64 packets
Router(config-pmap-c)# random-detect dscp af33 40 64
! Tunes WRED min and max drop-thresholds for AF33/30 to 40 and 64 packets
Router(config-pmap-c)# random-detect dscp af41 50 64
! Tunes WRED min and max drop-thresholds for AF41/34 to 50 and 64 packets
Router(config-pmap-c)# random-detect dscp af42 45 64
! Tunes WRED min and max drop-thresholds for AF42/36 to 45 and 64 packets
Router(config-pmap-c)# random-detect dscp af43 40 64
! Tunes WRED min and max drop-thresholds for AF43/38 to 40 and 64 packets
Router(config-pmap-c)# class class-default
Router(config-pmap-c)# bandwidth percent 25
! Provisions 25% CBWFQ for default (Best-Effort) class
Router(config-pmap-c)# fair-queue
! Enables fair-queuing pre-sorter on default (Best-Effort) class
Router(config-pmap-c)# queue-limit 128 packets
! Expands queue-limit to 128 packets
Router(config-pmap-c)# random-detect dscp-based
! Enables DSCP-based WRED on default (Best-Effort) class
Router(config-pmap-c)# random-detect dscp default 100 128
! Tunes WRED min and max drop-thresholds for DF/0 to 100 and 128 packets
Router(config-pmap-c)# random-detect dscp cs1 60 100
! Tunes WRED min and max drop-thresholds for CS1/8 to 60 and 100 packets
您可以看到它匹配在不同的DSCP值上。 DSCP EF通常用于VoIP。这意味着您的数据包应该已经在网络中尽早被标记。带宽值以百分比形式输入，这意味着该策略可以应用于不同的速度接口，并且与以kbit / s形式输入带宽值相比仍提供了不错的值。在非常高速的接口（例如10 Gbit）上，使用7％进行控制流量可能会很多，尽管那样会达到700 Mbit / s。
数据和class-default均使用公平队列这是一种基于DSCP和数据包大小对数据包进行排队的方法，即使对于较小的数据包流也可以提供公平的排队。为了能够使用此功能，您需要支持12.4（20）T或更高版本的，支持分层队列框架（HQF）的图像。
加权随机早期检测（WRED）也用于解决问题。就像TCP同步一样，TCP流量将同时加速和回退。
那么您就有了8类模型。
! This section defines the 8-Class class-maps
! (seven are explicitly defined and one is default)
Router(config)# class-map match-all VOICE
Router(config-cmap)# match dscp ef
! Matches VoIP
Router(config)# class-map match-any INTERACTIVE-VIDEO
Router(config-cmap)# match dscp cs5
! Matches Broadcast Video
Router(config-cmap)# match dscp cs4
! Matches Realtime-Interactive
Router(config)# class-map match-any NETWORK-CONTROL
Router(config-cmap)# match dscp cs6
! Matches Network Control
Router(config-cmap)# match dscp cs2
! Matches Network Management
Router(config)# class-map match-all SIGNALING
Router(config-cmap)# match dscp cs3
! Matches Signaling
Router(config)# class-map match-all MULTIMEDIA-STREAMING
Router(config-cmap)# match dscp af31 af32 af33
! Matches Multimedia-Streaming on AF3
Router(config)# class-map match-any CRITICAL-DATA
Router(config-cmap)# match dscp af41 af42 af43
! Matches Multimedia-Conferencing on AF4
Router(config-cmap)# match dscp af21 af22 af23
! Matches Transactional-Data on AF2
Router(config-cmap)# match dscp af11 af12 af13
! Matches Bulk-Data on AF1
Router(config)# class-map match-all SCAVENGER
Router(config-cmap)# match dscp cs1
! Matches Scavenger
! This section configures the 8-class policy-map
Router(config)# policy-map WAN-EDGE-8-CLASS
Router(config-pmap)# class VOICE
Router(config-pmap-c)# priority percent 10
! Provisions 10% LLQ for VOICE class (dual LLQ-policy)
Router(config-pmap-c)# class INTERACTIVE-VIDEO
Router(config-pmap-c)# priority percent 23
! Provisions 23% LLQ for INTERACTIVE-VIDEO class (dual-LLQ policy)
Router(config-pmap-c)# class NETWORK-CONTROL
Router(config-pmap-c)# bandwidth percent 5
! Provisions 5% CBWFQ for NETWORK-CONTROL class
Router(config-pmap-c)# class SIGNALING
Router(config-pmap-c)# bandwidth percent 2
! Provisions 2% CBWFQ for SIGNALING class
Router(config-pmap-c)# class MULTIMEDIA-STREAMING
Router(config-pmap-c)# bandwidth percent 10
! Provisions 10% CBWFQ for MULTIMEDIA-STREAMING class
Router(config-pmap-c)# fair-queue
! Enables fair-queuing pre-sorter on MULTIMEDIA-STREAMING class
Router(config-pmap-c)# random-detect dscp-based
! Enables DSCP-based WRED on MULTIMEDIA-STREAMING class
Router(config-pmap-c)# random-detect dscp af31 50 64
! Tunes WRED min and max drop-thresholds for AF31/26 to 50 and 64 packets
Router(config-pmap-c)# random-detect dscp af32 45 64
! Tunes WRED min and max drop-thresholds for AF32/28 to 45 and 64 packets
Router(config-pmap-c)# random-detect dscp af33 40 64
! Tunes WRED min and max drop-thresholds for AF33/30 to 40 and 64 packets
Router(config-pmap-c)# class CRITICAL-DATA
Router(config-pmap-c)# bandwidth percent 24
! Provisions 24% CBWFQ for CRITICAL-DATA class
Router(config-pmap-c)# fair-queue
! Enables fair-queuing pre-sorter on CRITICAL-DATA class
Router(config-pmap-c)# random-detect dscp-based
! Enables DSCP-based WRED on CRITICAL-DATA class
Router(config-pmap-c)# random-detect dscp af11 50 64
! Tunes WRED min and max drop-thresholds for AF11/10 to 50 and 64 packets
Router(config-pmap-c)# random-detect dscp af12 45 64
! Tunes WRED min and max drop-thresholds for AF12/12 to 45 and 64 packets
Router(config-pmap-c)# random-detect dscp af13 40 64
! Tunes WRED min and max drop-thresholds for AF13/14 to 40 and 64 packets
Router(config-pmap-c)# random-detect dscp af21 50 64
! Tunes WRED min and max drop-thresholds for AF21/18 to 50 and 64 packets
Router(config-pmap-c)# random-detect dscp af22 45 64
! Tunes WRED min and max drop-thresholds for AF22/20 to 45 and 64 packets
Router(config-pmap-c)# random-detect dscp af23 40 64
! Tunes WRED min and max drop-thresholds for AF23/22 to 40 and 64 packets
Router(config-pmap-c)# random-detect dscp af41 50 64
! Tunes WRED min and max drop-thresholds for AF41/34 to 50 and 64 packets
Router(config-pmap-c)# random-detect dscp af42 45 64
! Tunes WRED min and max drop-thresholds for AF42/36 to 45 and 64 packets
Router(config-pmap-c)# random-detect dscp af43 40 64
! Tunes WRED min and max drop-thresholds for AF43/38 to 40 and 64 packets
Router(config-pmap-c)# class SCAVENGER
Router(config-pmap-c)# bandwidth percent 1
! Constrains Scavenger class to 1% CBWFQ
Router(config-pmap-c)# class class-default
Router(config-pmap-c)# bandwidth percent 25
! Provisions 25% CBWFQ for default (Best-Effort) class
Router(config-pmap-c)# fair-queue
! Enables fair-queuing pre-sorter on default (Best-Effort) class
Router(config-pmap-c)# queue-limit 128 packets
! Expands queue-limit to 128 packets
Router(config-pmap-c)# random-detect dscp-based
! Enables DSCP-based WRED on default (Best-Effort) class
Router(config-pmap-c)# random-detect dscp default 100 128
! Tunes WRED min and max drop-thresholds for DF/0 to 100 and 128 packets
对于这些协议的视频，流传输和信令等实时应用，此策略更为精细。
最后这是12类模型。
! This section configures the class-maps
! (eleven class maps are explicitly defined and one is default)
Router(config)# class-map match-all VOICE
Router(config-cmap)# match dscp ef
! Matches VoIP
Router(config)# class-map match-all BROADCAST-VIDEO
Router(config-cmap)# match dscp cs5
! Matches Broadcast Video
Router(config)# class-map match-all REALTIME-INTERACTIVE
Router(config-cmap)# match dscp cs4
! Matches Realtime-Interactive
Router(config)# class-map match-all NETWORK-CONTROL
Router(config-cmap)# match dscp cs6
! Matches Network Control
Router(config)# class-map match-all SIGNALING
Router(config-cmap)# match dscp cs3
! Matches Signaling
Router(config)# class-map match-all NETWORK-MANAGEMENT
Router(config-cmap)# match dscp cs2
! Matches Network Management
Router(config)# class-map match-any MULTIMEDIA-CONFERENCING
Router(config-cmap)# match dscp af41
Router(config-cmap)# match dscp af42
Router(config-cmap)# match dscp af43
! Matches Multimedia-Conferencing
! One match statement per Drop Precedence increases visibility
Router(config)# class-map match-any MULTIMEDIA-STREAMING
Router(config-cmap)# match dscp af31
Router(config-cmap)# match dscp af32
Router(config-cmap)# match dscp af33
! Matches Multimedia-Streaming
! One match statement per Drop Precedence increases visibility
Router(config)# class-map match-any TRANSACTIONAL-DATA
Router(config-cmap)# match dscp af21
Router(config-cmap)# match dscp af22
Router(config-cmap)# match dscp af23
! Matches Transactional-Data
! One match statement per Drop Precedence increases visibility
Router(config)# class-map match-any BULK-DATA
Router(config-cmap)# match dscp af11
Router(config-cmap)# match dscp af12
Router(config-cmap)# match dscp af13
! Matches Bulk-Data
! One match statement per Drop Precedence increases visibility
Router(config)# class-map match-all SCAVENGER
Router(config-cmap)# match dscp cs1
! Matches Scavenger
! This section configures the 12-Class policy-map
Router(config)# policy-map WAN-EDGE-12-CLASS
Router(config-pmap)# class VOICE
Router(config-pmap-c)# priority percent 10
! Provisions 10% LLQ to VOICE class (multi-LLQ policy)
Router(config-pmap-c)# class BROADCAST-VIDEO
Router(config-pmap-c)# priority percent 10
! Provisions 10% LLQ to BROADCAST-VIDEO class (multi-LLQ policy)
Router(config-pmap-c)# class REALTIME-INTERACTIVE
Router(config-pmap-c)# priority percent 13
! Provisions 13% LLQ to REALTIME-INTERACTIVE class (multi-LLQ policy)
Router(config-pmap-c)# class NETWORK-CONTROL
Router(config-pmap-c)# bandwidth percent 2
! Provisions 2% CBWFQ to NETWORK-CONTROL class
Router(config-pmap-c)# class SIGNALING
Router(config-pmap-c)# bandwidth percent 2
! Provisions 2% CBWFQ to SIGNALING class
Router(config-pmap-c)# class NETWORK-MANAGEMENT
Router(config-pmap-c)# bandwidth percent 3
! Provisions 3% CBWFQ to NETWORK-MANAGEMENT class
Router(config-pmap-c)# class MULTIMEDIA-CONFERENCING
Router(config-pmap-c)# bandwidth percent 10
! Provisions 10% CBWFQ to MULTIMEDIA-CONFERENCING class
Router(config-pmap-c)# fair-queue
! Enables fair-queuing pre-sorter on MULTIMEDIA-CONFERENCING class
Router(config-pmap-c)# random-detect dscp-based
! Enables DSCP-based WRED on MULTIMEDIA-CONFERENCING class
Router(config-pmap-c)# random-detect dscp af41 50 64
! Tunes WRED min and max drop-thresholds for AF41/34 to 50 and 64 packets
Router(config-pmap-c)# random-detect dscp af42 45 64
! Tunes WRED min and max drop-thresholds for AF42/36 to 45 and 64 packets
Router(config-pmap-c)# random-detect dscp af43 40 64
! Tunes WRED min and max drop-thresholds for AF43/38 to 40 and 64 packets
Router(config-pmap-c)# class MULTIMEDIA-STREAMING
Router(config-pmap-c)# bandwidth percent 10
! Provisions 10% CBWFQ to MULTIMEDIA-STREAMING class
Router(config-pmap-c)# fair-queue
! Enables fair-queuing pre-sorter on MULTIMEDIA-STREAMING class
Router(config-pmap-c)# random-detect dscp-based
! Enables DSCP-based WRED on MULTIMEDIA-STREAMING class
Router(config-pmap-c)# random-detect dscp af31 50 64
! Tunes WRED min and max drop-thresholds for AF31/26 to 50 and 64 packets
Router(config-pmap-c)# random-detect dscp af32 45 64
! Tunes WRED min and max drop-thresholds for AF32/28 to 45 and 64 packets
Router(config-pmap-c)# random-detect dscp af33 40 64
! Tunes WRED min and max drop-thresholds for AF33/30 to 40 and 64 packets
Router(config-pmap-c)# class TRANSACTIONAL-DATA
Router(config-pmap-c)# bandwidth percent 10
! Provisions 10% CBWFQ to TRANSACTIONAL-DATA class
Router(config-pmap-c)# fair-queue
! Enables fair-queuing pre-sorter on TRANSACTIONAL-DATA class
Router(config-pmap-c)# random-detect dscp-based
! Enables DSCP-based WRED on TRANSACTIONAL-DATA class
Router(config-pmap-c)# random-detect dscp af21 50 64
! Tunes WRED min and max drop-thresholds for AF21/18 to 50 and 64 packets
Router(config-pmap-c)# random-detect dscp af22 45 64
! Tunes WRED min and max drop-thresholds for AF22/20 to 45 and 64 packets
Router(config-pmap-c)# random-detect dscp af23 40 64
! Tunes WRED min and max drop-thresholds for AF23/22 to 40 and 64 packets
Router(config-pmap-c)# class BULK-DATA
Router(config-pmap-c)# bandwidth percent 4
! Provisions 4% CBWFQ to BULK-DATA class
Router(config-pmap-c)# fair-queue
! Enables fair-queuing pre-sorter on BULK-DATA class
Router(config-pmap-c)# random-detect dscp-based
! Enables DSCP-based WRED on BULK-DATA class
Router(config-pmap-c)# random-detect dscp af11 50 64
! Tunes WRED min and max drop-thresholds for AF11/10 to 50 and 64 packets
Router(config-pmap-c)# random-detect dscp af12 45 64
! Tunes WRED min and max drop-thresholds for AF12/12 to 45 and 64 packets
Router(config-pmap-c)# random-detect dscp af13 40 64
! Tunes WRED min and max drop-thresholds for AF13/14 to 40 and 64 packets
Router(config-pmap-c)# class SCAVENGER
Router(config-pmap-c)# bandwidth percent 1
! Constrains Scavenger to 1% CBWFQ
Router(config-pmap-c)# class class-default
Router(config-pmap-c)# bandwidth percent 25
! Provisions 25% CBWFQ for default (Best-Effort) class
Router(config-pmap-c)# fair-queue
! Enables fair-queuing pre-sorter on default (Best-Effort) class
Router(config-pmap-c)# queue-limit 128 packets
! Expands queue-limit to 128 packets
Router(config-pmap-c)# random-detect dscp-based
! Enables DSCP-based WRED on default (Best-Effort) class
Router(config-pmap-c)# random-detect dscp default 100 128
! Tunes WRED min and max drop-thresholds for DF/0 to 100 and 128 packets
此策略甚至具有更多用于交互式通信的类，还具有更多用于不同类型数据的类和一个管理类。
最后，您必须将该策略应用于这样的接口。
int gix / x
服务策略输出WAN-EDGE-12-CLASS
这里是到WAN QoS CVD的链接。