并行化Bash FOR循环

#1 楼

foo () {
    local run=
    fsl5.0-flirt -in $kar"deformed.nii.gz" -ref normtemp.nii.gz -omat $run".norm1.mat" -bins 256 -cost corratio -searchrx -90 90 -searchry -90 90 -searchrz -90 90 -dof 12 
    fsl5.0-flirt -in $run".poststats.nii.gz" -ref $kar"deformed.nii.gz" -omat $run".norm2.mat" -bins 256 -cost corratio -searchrx -90 90 -searchry -90 90 -searchrz -90 90 -dof 12 
    fsl5.0-convert_xfm -concat $run".norm1.mat" -omat $run".norm.mat" $run".norm2.mat"
    fsl5.0-flirt -in $run".poststats.nii.gz" -ref normtemp.nii.gz -out $PWD/normFunc/$run".norm.nii.gz" -applyxfm -init $run".norm.mat" -interp trilinear
}

for run in $runList; do foo "$run" & done

for run in $runList; do foo "$run" & done
                                   ^

#2 楼

task(){
   sleep 0.5; echo "";
}

for thing in a b c d e f g; do 
   task "$thing"
done

for thing in a b c d e f g; do 
  task "$thing" &
done

N=4
(
for thing in a b c d e f g; do 
   ((i=i%N)); ((i++==0)) && wait
   task "$thing" & 
done
)

# initialize a semaphore with a given number of tokens
open_sem(){
    mkfifo pipe-$$
    exec 3<>pipe-$$
    rm pipe-$$
    local i=
    for((;i>0;i--)); do
        printf %s 000 >&3
    done
}

# run the given command asynchronously and pop/push tokens
run_with_lock(){
    local x
    # this read waits until there is something to read
    read -u 3 -n 3 x && ((0==x)) || exit $x
    (
     ( "$@"; )
    # push the return code of the command to the semaphore
    printf '%.3d' $? >&3
    )&
}

N=4
open_sem $N
for thing in {a..g}; do
    run_with_lock task $thing
done 

#3 楼

for stuff in things
do
( something
  with
  stuff ) &
done
wait # for all the something with stuff

#4 楼

for stuff in things
do
sem -j+0 "something; \
  with; \
  stuff"
done
sem --wait

#5 楼

cat "args" | xargs -P $NUM_PARALLEL command

#6 楼

#7 楼

#!/bin/bash

myfunc() {
    run=
    kar='KAR5'
    mkdir normFunc
    fsl5.0-flirt -in $kar"deformed.nii.gz" -ref normtemp.nii.gz -omat $run".norm1.mat" -bins 256 -cost corratio -searchrx -90 90 -searchry -90 90 -searchrz -90 90 -dof 12 
    fsl5.0-flirt -in $run".poststats.nii.gz" -ref $kar"deformed.nii.gz" -omat $run".norm2.mat" -bins 256 -cost corratio -searchrx -90 90 -searchry -90 90 -searchrz -90 90 -dof 12 
    fsl5.0-convert_xfm -concat $run".norm1.mat" -omat $run".norm.mat" $run".norm2.mat"
    fsl5.0-flirt -in $run".poststats.nii.gz" -ref normtemp.nii.gz -out $PWD/normFunc/$run".norm.nii.gz" -applyxfm -init $run".norm.mat" -interp trilinear
}

export -f myfunc
parallel myfunc ::: run2 run3 run4

#8 楼

for stuff in things
do
sem -j +0 "something; \
  with; \
  stuff"
done
sem --wait

#9 楼

# array of assets, assuming at least 1 item exists
listAssets=( {a..z} ) # example: a b c d .. z
# listAssets=( ~/"path with spaces/"*.txt ) # could be file paths

# replace with your task
task() { #  = idWorker,  = asset
  echo "Worker : Asset '' START!"
  # simulating a task that randomly takes 3-6 seconds
  sleep $(( ($RANDOM % 4) + 3 ))
  echo "    Worker : Asset '' OK!"
}

nVirtualCores=$(nproc --all)
nWorkers=$(( $nVirtualCores * 1 )) # I want 1 process per core

worker() { #  = idWorker
  echo "Worker  GO!"
  idAsset=0
  for asset in "${listAssets[@]}"; do
    # split assets among workers (using modulo); each worker will go through
    # the list and select the asset only if it belongs to that worker
    (( idAsset % nWorkers ==  )) && task  "$asset"
    (( idAsset++ ))
  done
  echo "    Worker  ALL DONE!"
}

for (( idWorker=0; idWorker<nWorkers; idWorker++ )); do
  # start workers in parallel, use 1 process for each
  worker $idWorker &
done
wait # until all workers are done

#10 楼

function _jobs_get_count_e {
   jobs -r | wc -l | tr -d " "
}

function _jobs_set_max_parallel {
   g_jobs_max_jobs=
}

function _jobs_get_max_parallel_e {
   [[ $g_jobs_max_jobs ]] && {
      echo $g_jobs_max_jobs

      echo 0
   }

   echo 1
}

function _jobs_is_parallel_available_r() {
   (( $(_jobs_get_count_e) < $g_jobs_max_jobs )) &&
      return 0

   return 1
}

function _jobs_wait_parallel() {
   # Sleep between available jobs
   while true; do
      _jobs_is_parallel_available_r &&
         break

      sleep 0.1s
   done
}

function _jobs_wait() {
   wait
}

#!/bin/bash

source "_lib_jobs.sh"

_jobs_set_max_parallel 3

# Run 10 jobs in parallel with varying amounts of work
for a in {1..10}; do
   _jobs_wait_parallel

   # Sleep between 1-2 seconds to simulate busy work
   sleep_delay=$(echo "scale=1; $(shuf -i 10-20 -n 1)/10" | bc -l)

   ( ### ASYNC
   echo $a
   sleep ${sleep_delay}s
   ) &
done

# Visualize jobs
while true; do
   n_jobs=$(_jobs_get_count_e)

   [[ $n_jobs = 0 ]] &&
      break

   sleep 0.1s
done