通过Selenium在Internet Explorer中下载文件

#1 楼

链接到我的博客，我将在此进行更详细的讨论。

这里的不一致之处是，您是否将Selenium IDE或WebDriver与Java一起使用？ Selenium IDE（如您在帖子中所述）可以尝试使用：

/*
 * Copyright (c) 2010-2012 Lazery Attack - http://www.lazeryattack.com
 *
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 * You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */

package com.lazerycode.selenium.filedownloader;

import org.apache.commons.httpclient.*;
import org.apache.commons.httpclient.cookie.CookiePolicy;
import org.apache.commons.httpclient.methods.GetMethod;
import org.apache.commons.io.FileUtils;
import org.apache.log4j.Logger;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;

import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.URL;
import java.util.Set;

public class FileDownloader {

    private static final Logger LOG = Logger.getLogger(FileDownloader.class);
    private WebDriver driver;
    private String localDownloadPath = System.getProperty("java.io.tmpdir");
    private boolean followRedirects = true;
    private int httpStatusOfLastDownloadAttempt;

    public FileDownloader(WebDriver driverObject) {
        this.driver = driverObject;
    }

    /**
     * Specify if the FileDownloader class should follow redirects when trying to download a file
     *
     * @param value
     */
    public void followRedirectsWhenDownloading(boolean value) {
        this.followRedirects = value;
    }

    /**
     * Get the current location that files will be downloaded to.
     *
     * @return The filepath that the file will be downloaded to.
     */
    public String localDownloadPath() {
        return this.localDownloadPath;
    }

    /**
     * Set the path that files will be downloaded to.
     *
     * @param filePath The filepath that the file will be downloaded to.
     */
    public void localDownloadPath(String filePath) {
        this.localDownloadPath = filePath;
    }

    /**
     * Download the file specified in the href attribute of a WebElement
     *
     * @param element
     * @return
     * @throws Exception
     */
    public String downloadFile(WebElement element) throws Exception {
        return downloader(element, "href");
    }

    /**
     * Download the image specified in the src attribute of a WebElement
     *
     * @param element
     * @return
     * @throws Exception
     */
    public String downloadImage(WebElement element) throws Exception {
        return downloader(element, "src");
    }

    /**
     * Gets the HTTP status code of the last download file attempt
     *
     * @return
     */
    public int httpStatusOfLastDownloadAttempt() {
        return this.httpStatusOfLastDownloadAttempt;
    }

    /**
     * Load in all the cookies WebDriver currently knows about so that we can mimic the browser cookie state
     *
     * @param seleniumCookieSet
     * @return
     */
    private HttpState mimicCookieState(Set<org.openqa.selenium.Cookie> seleniumCookieSet) {
        HttpState mimicWebDriverCookieState = new HttpState();
        for (org.openqa.selenium.Cookie seleniumCookie : seleniumCookieSet) {
            Cookie httpClientCookie = new Cookie(seleniumCookie.getDomain(), seleniumCookie.getName(), seleniumCookie.getValue(), seleniumCookie.getPath(), seleniumCookie.getExpiry(), seleniumCookie.isSecure());
            mimicWebDriverCookieState.addCookie(httpClientCookie);
        }

        return mimicWebDriverCookieState;
    }

    /**
     * Set the host configuration based upon the URL of the file/image that will be downloaded
     *
     * @param hostURL
     * @param hostPort
     * @return
     */
    private HostConfiguration setHostDetails(String hostURL, int hostPort) {
        HostConfiguration hostConfig = new HostConfiguration();
        hostConfig.setHost(hostURL, hostPort);

        return hostConfig;
    }

    /**
     * Perform the file/image download.
     *
     * @param element
     * @param attribute
     * @return
     * @throws IOException
     * @throws NullPointerException
     */
    private String downloader(WebElement element, String attribute) throws IOException, NullPointerException {
        String fileToDownloadLocation = element.getAttribute(attribute);
        if (fileToDownloadLocation.trim().equals("")) throw new NullPointerException("The element you have specified does not link to anything!");

        URL fileToDownload = new URL(fileToDownloadLocation);
        File downloadedFile = new File(this.localDownloadPath + fileToDownload.getFile().replaceFirst("/|\\", ""));
        if (downloadedFile.canWrite() == false) downloadedFile.setWritable(true);

        HttpClient client = new HttpClient();
        client.getParams().setCookiePolicy(CookiePolicy.RFC_2965);
        client.setHostConfiguration(setHostDetails(fileToDownload.getHost(), fileToDownload.getPort()));
        client.setState(mimicCookieState(this.driver.manage().getCookies()));
        HttpMethod getFileRequest = new GetMethod(fileToDownload.getPath());
        getFileRequest.setFollowRedirects(this.followRedirects);
        LOG.info("Follow redirects when downloading: " + this.followRedirects);

        LOG.info("Sending GET request for: " + fileToDownload.toExternalForm());
        this.httpStatusOfLastDownloadAttempt = client.executeMethod(getFileRequest);
        LOG.info("HTTP GET request status: " + this.httpStatusOfLastDownloadAttempt);
        LOG.info("Downloading file: " + downloadedFile.getName());
        FileUtils.copyInputStreamToFile(getFileRequest.getResponseBodyAsStream(), downloadedFile);
        getFileRequest.releaseConnection();

        String downloadedFileAbsolutePath = downloadedFile.getAbsolutePath();
        LOG.info("File downloaded to '" + downloadedFileAbsolutePath + "'");

        return downloadedFileAbsolutePath;
    }

}

它很容易使用，您只需要提供Image / Hyperlink的WebElement。您想要下载的内容，因此与其尝试在WebElement上单击，还不如将其传递给FileDownloader对象： Java，因此跨浏览器/平台兼容。

Github上的代码

#2 楼

我通常将键盘快捷方式与Java中的Robot类一起使用，以模拟手动执行的操作。在IE 8中，保存文件将分三个步骤：

1) Click link  or Press Enter key on the link.
2) type S. 
3) Hit Enter.

我首先手动为第一个测试用例执行相同的操作。下载完成后，将其保存在某个文件夹中，清理该文件夹，然后单击复选框以关闭此对话框。
接下来，我使用以下代码：

WebElement link = driver.findElement(By.xpath("myxpath"));
clickAndSaveFileIE(link);


public static void clickAndSaveFileIE(WebElement element) throws InterruptedException{
    try {
            Robot robot = new Robot();
        //get the focus on the element..don't use click since it stalls the driver          
       element.sendKeys("");
       //simulate pressing enter            
      robot.keyPress(KeyEvent.VK_ENTER);
     robot.keyRelease(KeyEvent.VK_ENTER);
     //wait for the modal dialog to open            
    Thread.sleep(2000);
   //press s key to save            
   robot.keyPress(KeyEvent.VK_S);
   robot.keyRelease(KeyEvent.VK_S);
   Thread.sleep(2000);
  //press enter to save the file with default name and in default location
    robot.keyPress(KeyEvent.VK_ENTER);
    robot.keyRelease(KeyEvent.VK_ENTER);
 } catch (AWTException e) {

            e.printStackTrace();
        }

#3 楼

处理任何对话框的技巧是使用诸如AutoIT之类的外部工具来处理“上载”对话框，“下载”对话框和“ NTLM身份验证”对话框。请注意，此解决方案仅适用于在Windows环境中执行脚本的用户。

使用AutoIT，您可以编写一个简单的脚本来保存“保存”对话框，然后可以将该脚本转换为可执行文件。具有命令行参数的程序可以随时从程序中调用它。

执行以下步骤可以解决您的问题。


下载autoIT工具。
保存将以下提到的脚本添加到系统中的save_dialog.au3文件中。
从AutoIT安装目录中打开“ Compile Script to .exe”程序。 。 （请说save_dialog.au3）
如果您使用Java编写自动化代码，请在单击“下载链接”或希望出现下载对话框之前使用下面的代码行。

  String[] dialog =  new String[]{ "C:\save_ie_file.exe","Save to...","Save", "C:\selenium_downloads\" }; // path to exe, dialog title, save/cancel/run, path to save file.
  Process pp1 = Runtime.getRuntime().exec(dialog); // run the executable to wait for download link and process
  selenium.click("id=download_link"); // code to click on download link
  pp1.destroy(); // kill the process looking to download

save_dialog.au3代码从这里被公然复制免责声明...我不是该答案中指出的博客作者：

 
    AutoItSetOption("WinTitleMatchMode","2") ; set the select mode to select using substring

    if $CmdLine[0] < 2 then
    ; Arguments are not enough
    msgbox(0,"Error","Supply all the arguments, Dialog title,Run/Save/Cancel and Path to save(optional)")
    Exit
    EndIf

    ; wait Until dialog box appears
    WinWait($CmdLine[1]) ; match the window with substring
    $title = WinGetTitle($CmdLine[1]) ; retrives whole window title
    WinActivate($title)

    If (StringCompare($CmdLine[2],"Run",0) = 0) Then
    WinActivate($title)
    ControlClick($title,"","Button1")
    EndIf

    If (StringCompare($CmdLine[2],"Save",0) = 0) Then

    WinWaitActive($title)
    ControlClick($title,"","Button2")
    ; Wait for the new dialogbox to open
    Sleep(2)
    WinWait("Save")
    $title = WinGetTitle("Save")
    ;$title = WinGetTitle("[active]")
    if($CmdLine[0] = 2) Then
    ;click on the save button
    WinWaitActive($title)
    ControlClick($title,"","Button2")
    Else
    ;Set path and save file
    WinWaitActive($title)
    ControlSetText($title,"","Edit1",$CmdLine[3])
    ControlClick($title,"","Button2")
    EndIf

    EndIf

    If (StringCompare($CmdLine[2],"Cancel",0) = 0) Then
    WinWaitActive($title)
    ControlClick($title,"","Button3")
    EndIf

#4 楼

我没有使用上面的代码，而是使用下面的代码，它们显示了如果我们同时按下“ Alt + S”按钮，然后Internet Explorer浏览器将保存下载的文件，但是重要的是我们不能在这里使用单击按钮方法，因为光标可能会卡在该按钮，因此记住它非常重要，我们必须在此处使用“发送键”方法来单击按钮。

WebElement link = driver.findElement(By.xpath("myxpath"));
clickAndSaveFileIE(link);


public static void clickAndSaveFileIE(WebElement element) throws InterruptedException{
    try {
            Robot robot = new Robot();
        //get the focus on the element..don't use click since it stalls the driver          
       element.sendKeys("");
       //simulate pressing enter            
      robot.keyPress(KeyEvent.VK_ENTER);
     robot.keyRelease(KeyEvent.VK_ENTER);
     //wait for the modal dialog to open            
    Thread.sleep(2000);
   //press s key to save            
   robot.keyPress(KeyEvent.VK_ALT);
   robot.keyRelease(KeyEvent.VK_ALT);
   Thread.sleep(2000);
  //press enter to save the file with default name and in default location
    robot.keyPress(KeyEvent.VK_S);
    robot.keyRelease(KeyEvent.VK_S);
 } catch (AWTException e) {

            e.printStackTrace();
        }