如何使用sed替换多行字符串？

#1 楼

sed '/^a test$/{
       $!{ N        # append the next line when not on the last line
         s/^a test\nPlease do not$/not a test\nBe/
                    # now test for a successful substitution, otherwise
                    #+  unpaired "a test" lines would be mis-handled
         t sub-yes  # branch_on_substitute (goto label :sub-yes)
         :sub-not   # a label (not essential; here to self document)
                    # if no substituion, print only the first line
         P          # pattern_first_line_print
         D          # pattern_ltrunc(line+nl)_top/cycle
         :sub-yes   # a label (the goto target of the 't' branch)
                    # fall through to final auto-pattern_print (2 lines)
       }    
     }' alpha.txt  

sed '/^a test$/{$!{N;s/^a test\nPlease do not$/not a test\nBe/;ty;P;D;:y}}' alpha.txt

:  # label
=  # line_number
a  # append_text_to_stdout_after_flush
b  # branch_unconditional             
c  # range_change                     
d  # pattern_delete_top/cycle          
D  # pattern_ltrunc(line+nl)_top/cycle 
g  # pattern=hold                      
G  # pattern+=nl+hold                  
h  # hold=pattern                      
H  # hold+=nl+pattern                  
i  # insert_text_to_stdout_now         
l  # pattern_list                       
n  # pattern_flush=nextline_continue   
N  # pattern+=nl+nextline              
p  # pattern_print                     
P  # pattern_first_line_print          
q  # flush_quit                        
r  # append_file_to_stdout_after_flush 
s  # substitute                                          
t  # branch_on_substitute              
w  # append_pattern_to_file_now         
x  # swap_pattern_and_hold             
y  # transform_chars                   

#2 楼

#3 楼

cat alpha.txt | sed -e 's/a test\nPlease do not/not a test\nBe/'

cat alpha.txt | tr '\n' '\r' | sed -e 's/a test\rPlease do not/not a test\rBe/'  | tr '\r' '\n'

cat alpha.txt | tr '\n' '\f' | sed -e 's/a test\fPlease do not/not a test\fBe/'  | tr '\f' '\n'

#4 楼

sed -e '1h;2,$H;$!d;g' -e 's/__YOUR_REGEX_GOES_HERE__...'

$ echo -e "Dog\nFox\nCat\nSnake\n" | sed -e '1h;2,$H;$!d;g' -re 's/([^\n]*)\n([^\n]*)\n/Quick \nLazy \n/g'
Quick Fox
Lazy Dog
Quick Snake
Lazy Cat

  1: h, d
  2: H, d
  3: H, d
  .
  .
N-2: H, d
N-1: H, d
  N: H, g

#5 楼

/a test$/{
  N
  s/a test\nPlease do not/not a test\nBe/
}

#6 楼

$ cat alpha.txt
This is
a test
Please do not
be alarmed

$ sed -z 's/a test\nPlease do not\nbe/not a test\nBe/' -i alpha.txt

$ cat alpha.txt
This is
not a test
Be alarmed

#7 楼

awk -v RS='a' '{gsub(/hello/, "world"); print}'

awk -v RS='' '{gsub(/hello/, "world"); print}'

perl -0777 -pe 's/hello/world/g'

#8 楼

sed -n '$!N;s@a test\nPlease do not@not a test\nBe@;P;D' alpha.txt

sed -n '1{$!N};$!N;s@aaa\nbbb\nccc@xxx\nyyy\nzzz@;P;D'

sed -n '1{$!N;$!N};$!N;s@ ... @ ... @;P;D'

# aaa\nbbb\nccc shrink to one line "xxx"

sed -n '1{$!N};$!N;/aaa\nbbb\nccc/{s@@xxx@;$!N;$!N};P;D'

# aaa\nbbb\nccc grow to five lines vvv\nwww\nxxx\nyyy\nzzz

sed -n '1{$!N};$!N;/aaa\nbbb\nccc/{s@@vvv\nwww\nxxx\nyyy\nzzz@;P;s/.*\n//M;P;s/.*\n//M};P;D'

#9 楼

sed -i'.original' '/a test/,/Please do not/c not a test \nBe' alpha.txt

#10 楼

 sed -e'$!N;s/^\(a test\n\)Please do not be$/not Be/;P;D' <in >out
 

#11 楼

$ S=__ABC__                     # simple
$ S=__$RANDOM$RANDOM$RANDOM__   # better
$ S=$(openssl rand -hex 16)     # ultimate

$ cat file.txt | awk 1 ORS=$S |  sed -e "s/a test${S}Please do not/not a test\nBe/" | awk 1 RS=$S > file_new.txt

#12 楼

cat alpha.txt | tr '\n' '\r' | sed -e 's/a test$(printf '\r')Please do not/not a test$(printf '\r')Be/'  | tr '\r' '\n'

#13 楼

HTML_FILE='a.html' #contains an anchor in the form <a name="nchor" />
BASH_STRING_A='apples'
BASH_STRING_B='bananas'
INSERT="\t<li>$BASH_STRING_A<\/li>\n\t<li>$BASH_STRING_B<\/li>\n<a name=\"nchor\"\/>"
sed -i "s/<a name=\"nchor"\/>/$INSERT/" $HTML_FILE

#14 楼

sed 'N;l;P;D' alpha.txt

$ sed 'N;s/a test\nPlease do not/not a test\nBe/;P;D' alpha.txt
This is
not a test
Be
be alarmed

$ sed -n '1{$!N};$!N;s@a test\nPlease do not\nbe@not a test\nDo\nBe@;P;D' alpha.txt 
This is
not a test
Do
Be alarmed

#15 楼

#16 楼

{
  padding: {
    x: 2,
    y: 0
  },
  offset: {
    x: 0,
    y: 1
  }
}

sed -r '/padding: \{/,/\}/ {
    # and inside the block you replace the value of x:
    s/^( +x:).*/ 1,/
}'