如何在简单的Shell脚本中获得发行名称和版本号？

#1 楼

if [ -f /etc/os-release ]; then
    # freedesktop.org and systemd
    . /etc/os-release
    OS=$NAME
    VER=$VERSION_ID
elif type lsb_release >/dev/null 2>&1; then
    # linuxbase.org
    OS=$(lsb_release -si)
    VER=$(lsb_release -sr)
elif [ -f /etc/lsb-release ]; then
    # For some versions of Debian/Ubuntu without lsb_release command
    . /etc/lsb-release
    OS=$DISTRIB_ID
    VER=$DISTRIB_RELEASE
elif [ -f /etc/debian_version ]; then
    # Older Debian/Ubuntu/etc.
    OS=Debian
    VER=$(cat /etc/debian_version)
elif [ -f /etc/SuSe-release ]; then
    # Older SuSE/etc.
    ...
elif [ -f /etc/redhat-release ]; then
    # Older Red Hat, CentOS, etc.
    ...
else
    # Fall back to uname, e.g. "Linux <version>", also works for BSD, etc.
    OS=$(uname -s)
    VER=$(uname -r)
fi

case $(uname -m) in
x86_64)
    BITS=64
    ;;
i*86)
    BITS=32
    ;;
*)
    BITS=?
    ;;
esac

case $(uname -m) in
x86_64)
    ARCH=x64  # or AMD64 or Intel64 or whatever
    ;;
i*86)
    ARCH=x86  # or IA32 or Intel32 or whatever
    ;;
*)
    # leave ARCH as-is
    ;;
esac

#2 楼

ls /etc/*release

#3 楼

#4 楼

( lsb_release -ds || cat /etc/*release || uname -om ) 2>/dev/null | head -n1

#5 楼

python -m platform

Linux-4.9.184-linuxkit-x86_64-with-Ubuntu-18.04-bionic

Linux-4.14.117-grsec-grsec+-x86_64-with-debian-buster-sid

Linux-3.10.0-957.1.3.el7.x86_64-x86_64-with-centos-7.6.1810-Core

Darwin-17.7.0-x86_64-i386-64bit

python -c "import platform;print(platform.linux_distribution()[0])"

#6 楼

function os_type
{
case `uname` in
  Linux )
     LINUX=1
     which yum && { echo centos; return; }
     which zypper && { echo opensuse; return; }
     which apt-get && { echo debian; return; }
     ;;
  Darwin )
     DARWIN=1
     ;;
  * )
     # Handle AmgiaOS, CPM, and modified cable modems here.
     ;;
esac
}  

#7 楼

cat /etc/*version
cat /proc/version #linprocfs/version for FreeBSD when "linux" enabled
cat /etc/*release
uname -rv

#8 楼

if [ -f /etc/os-release ]
then
        . /etc/os-release
else
        echo "ERROR: I need the file /etc/os-release to determine what my distribution is..."
        # If you want, you can include older or distribution specific files here...
        exit
fi

#9 楼

#10 楼

#11 楼

lsb_release -a

LSB Version:    :core-3.1-ia32:core-3.1-noarch:graphics-3.1-ia32:graphics-3.1-noarch 
Distributor ID: CentOS
Description:    CentOS release 5.5 (Final)
Release:        5.5
Codename:       Final

LSB Version:    :core-3.1-ia32:core-3.1-noarch:graphics-3.1-ia32:graphics-3.1-noarch
Distributor ID: CentOS
Description:    CentOS release 5.5 (Final)
Release:        5.5
Codename:       Final

cat /etc/*-release

#12 楼

#!/usr/bin/env bash

echo "Finding Debian/ Ubuntu Codename..."

CODENAME=`cat /etc/*-release | grep "VERSION="`
CODENAME=${CODENAME##*\(}
CODENAME=${CODENAME%%\)*}

echo "$CODENAME"
# => saucy, precise, lucid, wheezy, squeeze

#13 楼

#! /bin/bash
# return an awkable string consisting of
#    unix OS type, or
#    Linux dist, or
#    a long guess (based on /proc), or
#    no clue

giveUp () {
   echo "Unknown"
   exit 0
}

# keep this easily awkable, prepending an initial clue
versionGuess () {
   if [ -e /proc/version ]; then
      echo -n "Unsure "
      cat /proc/version
      exit 0
   fi
   return 1
}

# if we have ignition, print and exit
gotDist () {
   [ -n "" ] && echo "" && exit 0
}

# we are only interested in a single word "dist" here
# various malformations can occur; admin will have to code appropately based on output
linuxRelease () {
   if [ -r /etc/lsb-release ]; then
      dist=$(grep 'DISTRIB_ID' /etc/lsb-release | sed 's/DISTRIB_ID=//' | head -1)
      gotDist "$dist"
   fi

   dist=$(find /etc/ -maxdepth 1 -name '*release' 2> /dev/null | sed 's/\/etc\///' | sed 's/-release//' | head -1)
   gotDist "$dist"

   dist=$(find /etc/ -maxdepth 1 -name '*version' 2> /dev/null | sed 's/\/etc\///' | sed 's/-version//' | head -1)
   gotDist "$dist"

   return 1
}

# start with uname and branch the decision from there
dist=$(uname -s 2> /dev/null)
if [ "$dist" = "Linux" ]; then
   linuxRelease
   versionGuess
   giveUp
elif [ -n "$dist" ]; then
   echo "$dist"
   exit 0
else
   versionGuess
   giveUp
fi

# we shouldn't get here
giveUp
# done

#14 楼

#!/usr/bin/env bash

LINUX_VERSION_NAME=`lsb_release -sr`


# Distribution specific installation
if [[ ${LINUX_VERSION_NAME} == "18.04" ]]
then
    echo "It is: ${LINUX_VERSION_NAME}"

else
    echo "It is not ${LINUX_VERSION_NAME}"
fi

It is: 18.04

LINUX_VERSION_NAME=`lsb_release -sc`


# Distribution specific installation
if [[ ${LINUX_VERSION_NAME} == "bionic" ]]
then
    echo "It is: ${LINUX_VERSION_NAME}"

else
    echo "It is not ${LINUX_VERSION_NAME}"
fi

It is: bionic

#15 楼

#!/usr/bin/env bash
check_distro2(){
    if [[ -e /etc/redhat-release ]]
    then
      DISTRO=$(cat /etc/redhat-release)
    elif [[ -e /usr/bin/lsb_release ]]
    then
      DISTRO=$(lsb_release -d | awk -F ':' '{print }')
    elif [[ -e /etc/issue ]]
    then
      DISTRO=$(cat /etc/issue)
    else
      DISTRO=$(cat /proc/version)
    fi
    }

    check_distro2
    echo $DISTRO

#16 楼

cat /etc/issue | head -n +1 | awk '{print }'

#17 楼

cat /etc/os-release | grep "PRETTY_NAME" | sed 's/PRETTY_NAME=//g' | sed 's/["]//g' | awk '{print }'

#18 楼

# apt-get install rubygems

# gem install facter

$ facter

#19 楼

tr -s ' 1' '2' < /etc/issue | head -n 1