如何制作一个可以打开终端窗口并在其中执行命令的脚本？

gnome-terminal -- command

xterm -e command

konsole -e command

terminal -e command

gnome-terminal --window-with-profile=NAMEOFTHEPROFILE -e command

#2 楼

代替对gnome-terminal，konsole等进行硬编码，请使用Alternatives系统。执行默认终端仿真器的程序为：

x-terminal-emulator

在我的系统上，每次执行此命令时，它将打开Konsole的新实例。

幸运的是，终端似乎支持-e选项来执行命令（我已针对konsole和gnome-terminal对其进行了验证）。命令后的参数传递给调用的命令。 Bash拒绝在我的终端机中保持打开状态，需要一个附加脚本来获得终端机： ，则可以使用以下脚本运行脚本：

#!/bin/sh
"$@"
exec "$SHELL"

需要完整路径，并且/home/user/hacky必须是可执行的。在版本2中可以在新的终端窗口中找到脚本，这是在我意识到可以将参数传递给/home/user/hacky之前。

#3 楼

非常简单-

#!/bin/bash

/etc/init.d/ccpd status

这足以满足其他不需要在终端中显示任何内容的命令。但是这里必须看到显示的状态。
因此，它需要在终端窗口中运行。



此处“ NAMEOFTHEPROFILE”将替换为“命令退出时保留终端”的配置文件名称。

#4 楼

2020年2月17日更新：此答案现在已过时。

单击此链接并改用其他答案：打开带有多个选项卡的Terminal并执行应用程序。在@nickguletskii的回答以及他的回答下我自己的评论的帮助下，并受到@grabantot对我的评论的赞成，这是我的首选方法，尤其是当我希望终端保持打开状态以便可以手动使用它时。

例如。用法：这对添加到启动程序中非常有用，因此该脚本将运行，打开终端，在终端中创建并命名标签并为您运行命令。或者，您可以仅将此脚本的符号链接添加到桌面。我使用这种方法，因此我可以双击桌面上的单个图标，然后打开一堆终端（根据我要在其中进行的工作来命名各种标签）和程序来设置我的编程环境为日常工作提供了帮助。最后的cd /etc; ls部分迫使外壳保持打开状态，以便随后可以查看其输出并继续使用它（我在Stack Overflow上的其他地方了解到了这一点）：

gnome-terminal --tab --title="test" --command="bash -c 'cd /etc; ls; $SHELL'"

这是一个更复杂的示例，该示例在同一gnome终端中打开3个单独的选项卡。这正是我的桌面快捷方式所执行的操作，因此我可以一次打开一堆编程窗口：

br />


$SHELL =打开一个gnome终端

gnome-terminal =打开一个唯一的选项卡以显示下一步

--tab =将此标签的标题设置为“ tab 1”

--title="tab 1" =运行--command="bash -c 'cd /etc; ls; $SHELL'"命令，该命令是我作为示例编写的；它是做什么的：bash -c 'cd /etc; ls; $SHELL' ='c'hange'd'irectory进入“ / etc”路径

bash -c ='我不是该目录的内容

cd /etc =这个隐秘的小知识需要保持外壳打开，以便您可以使用它。如果要打开外壳，请运行命令，然后关闭，只需删除此部分。但是，我希望选项卡保持打开状态，以便使编程变得神奇。 ：）


然后我们从ls部分重新开始，以生成选项卡2，然后再次生成选项卡3。

#5 楼

对Lekensteyn的答案进行评论。您正在调用的脚本

hacky_function()
{
"$@"
exec "$SHELL"
}

使用“ x-terminal-emulator -e / path / to / script hacky_function可选参数在此处调用”脚本

别忘了在脚本的末尾加上“ $ @”

#6 楼

聚会晚了将近十年，但是，这是我使用Python的答案。
我为这个答案写了一个python程序。还有一些OP不需要的附加功能，但对我来说是有益的：

自动启动运行，以设置登录后经常使用的GUI应用程序。
打开多个.gif选项卡。
将标题分配给终端选项卡。
将窗口移至桌面上的首选位置。
在单独的选项卡中打开gnome-terminal和最后五个打开的文件。

 gedit 

注意，您可能必须对系统上的变量#!/usr/bin/env python # -*- coding: utf-8 -*- #============================================================================== # # dellstart - Autostart GUI applications on Dell Fileserver # #============================================================================== ''' CALL: dellstart REQUIRES: sudo apt install xdotool ''' from __future__ import print_function # Must be first import import os import time BASHRC_TIME = 2 # Seconds to load ~/.bashrc WINDOW_TIME = .5 # Secpmds fpr window to appear commands = [ 'gnome-terminal &', # Launch terminal in background 'sleep '+str(BASHRC_TIME), # Bash command wait a sec 'move x y', # Move windows to x and/or y # 'move 2100 1000', # triple monitor setup 'xdotool type "cd ~"', # Change to home directory 'xdotool key Return', # Enter Key 'xdotool type "./ssh-activity"', # Suspend after 15 minutes 'xdotool key Return', # Enter Key 'title SSH\ Activity', # Window title (escape spaces) 'xdotool key Control_L+Shift_L+T', # Open new terminal tab 'sleep '+str(BASHRC_TIME), # Bash command wait a sec 'xdotool type "cd ~/askubuntu"', # Change to working directory 'xdotool key Return', # Enter Key 'title Ask\ Ubuntu', # Window title (escape spaces) 'gedit', # Last 5 files will open up 'move x y', # Move windows to x and/or y # 'move 3849 2266', # triple monitor setup ] """ NOTE: To discover window coordinates, arrange on desktop and type: wmctrl -lG """ def process_commands(command_list): for command in command_list: if command.endswith('&'): # Launch in background and get window ID opened active_pid, active_win = launch_command(command) if active_pid == 0: print("ERROR launching", command, \ "Aborting 'dellstart' script") exit() elif command.startswith('move'): move_window(command, active_win) elif command.startswith('title'): terminal_title(command) elif command.startswith('gedit'): gedit() else: run_and_wait(command) def launch_command(ext_name): ''' Launch external command in background and return PID to parent. Use for programs requiring more than .2 seconds to run. ''' all_pids = get_pids(ext_name) # Snapshot current PID list all_wins = get_wins(all_pids) # Snapshot of windows open new_pids = all_pids new_wins = all_wins sleep_count = 0 # Counter to prevent infinite loops os.popen(ext_name) # Run command in background while new_pids == all_pids: # Loop until new PID is assigned new_pids = get_pids(ext_name) # Snapshot current PID list if sleep_count > 0: # Don't sleep first time through loop time.sleep(.005) # sleep 5 milliseconds sleep_count += 1 if sleep_count == 1000: # 10 second time-out print('launch_ext_command() ERROR: max sleep count reached') print('External command name:',ext_name) return 0 pid_list = list(set(new_pids) - set(all_pids)) if not len(pid_list) == 1: print('launch_command() ERROR: A new PID could not be found') return 0, 0 time.sleep(WINDOW_TIME) # Give time for window to appear new_wins = get_wins(all_pids) # Snapshot of windows open win_list = list(set(new_wins) - set(all_wins)) if not len(win_list) == 1: #print('launch_command() ERROR: New Window ID could not be found') #suppress error message because we aren't using window ID at all return int(pid_list[0]), 0 # Return PID of program we just launched in background return int(pid_list[0]), int(win_list[0]) def run_and_wait(ext_name): ''' Launch external command and wait for it to end. Use for programs requiring less than .2 seconds to run. ''' result = os.popen(ext_name).read().strip() #print('run_and_wait() command:', ext_name) return result def get_pids(ext_name): ''' Return list of PIDs for program name and arguments Whitespace output is compressed to single space ''' all_lines = [] # Just grep up to first space in command line. It was failing on ! prog_name = ext_name.split(' ',1)[0] all_lines = os.popen("ps aux | grep -v grep | grep " + \ "'" + prog_name + "'").read().strip().splitlines PID = [] for l in all_lines(): l = ' '.join(l.split()) # Compress whitespace into single space PID.append(int(l.split(' ', 2)[1])) return PID def get_wins(all_pids): ''' Return list of all windows open under PID list Currently unncessary because we work on active window ''' windows = [] for pid in all_pids: all_lines = os.popen('xdotool search --pid ' + str(pid)). \ read().strip().splitlines for l in all_lines(): windows.append(int(l)) return windows def move_window(line, active_win): ''' Move window to x y coorindates on Desktop If the letter x or y is passed, that dimension remains unchanged eg: xdotool getactivewindow windowmove 100 100 # Moves to 100,100 xdotool getactivewindow windowmove x 100 # Moves to x,100 xdotool getactivewindow windowmove 100 y # Moves to 100,y ''' line = ' '.join(line.split()) # Compress whitespace to single space x = line.split(' ')[-2] y = line.split(' ')[-1] # We don't need to pass window ID as last active window defaults all_lines = os.popen('xdotool getactivewindow windowmove ' + x + ' ' + y). \ read().strip().splitlines for l in all_lines(): print(l) def terminal_title(new_title): ''' Rather awkward calling xdotool which chokes on double quotes and bash via python which chokes on backslashes. Simple format (if it worked) would be: command = r'PS1="${PS1/\u@\h: \w/' + title + '}"' The bash function copied from is: function termtitle() { PS1="${PS1/\u@\h: \w/$@}"; } Reference for xdotool keycodes: https://gitlab.com/cunidev/gestures/-/wikis/xdotool-list-of-key-codes ''' title = new_title.split(' ', 1)[1] # Strip out leading "title" token command = 'xdotool type PS1=' run_and_wait(command) run_and_wait('xdotool key quotedbl') command = 'xdotool type $' run_and_wait(command) run_and_wait('xdotool key braceleft') command = 'xdotool type PS1/' run_and_wait(command) run_and_wait('xdotool key backslash') run_and_wait('xdotool key backslash') command = 'xdotool type u@' run_and_wait(command) run_and_wait('xdotool key backslash') run_and_wait('xdotool key backslash') command = 'xdotool type "h: "' run_and_wait(command) run_and_wait('xdotool key backslash') run_and_wait('xdotool key backslash') command = 'xdotool type "w/"' run_and_wait(command) command = 'xdotool type "' + title + '"' run_and_wait(command) run_and_wait('xdotool key braceright') run_and_wait('xdotool key quotedbl') run_and_wait('xdotool key Return') def gedit(): last_modified_files = gedit_recent_files() command = 'gedit ' for f in last_modified_files: command=command+'"' command=command+f command=command+'" ' # Open gedit with last five modfied files command=command+' &' active_pid, active_win = launch_command(command) if active_pid == 0: print("ERROR launching", command, \ "Aborting 'dellstart' script") exit() def gedit_recent_files(): ''' Get list of gedit 5 most recent files: grep --no-group-separator -B5 'group>gedit' ~/.local/share/recently-used.xbel | sed -n 1~6p | sed 's# <bookmark href="file:///#/#g' | sed 's/"//g' /home/rick/python/mmm added=2020-05-02T15:34:55Z modified=2020-11-19T00:43:45Z visited=2020-05-02T15:34:56Z> /home/rick/python/mserve added=2020-07-26T16:36:09Z modified=2020-11-28T01:57:19Z visited=2020-07-26T16:36:09Z> ''' command = "grep --no-group-separator -B5 'group>gedit' " + \ "~/.local/share/recently-used.xbel | " + \ "sed -n 1~6p | sed 's# <bookmark href=" + '"' + \ "file:///#/#g' | " + "sed 's/" + '"' + "//g'" recent_files = [] times = [] all_lines = os.popen(command).read().strip().splitlines uniquifier = 1 # gedit can give all open files same time for l in all_lines(): fname = l.split(' added=', 1)[0] trailing = l.split(' added=', 1)[1] modified = trailing.split(' modified=', 1)[1] modified = modified.split('Z', 1)[0] # TODO: 2038 d = time.strptime(modified, '%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S') epoch = time.mktime(d) epoch = int(epoch) recent_files.append(fname) try: times.index(epoch) # gedit has given multiple files the same modification time epoch += uniquifier uniquifier += 1 except: pass # Not a duplicate time times.append(epoch) N=5 top_files = [] if N > len(times): # Less than 5 most recent files in list N = len(times) if N == 0: # No most recent files in list return top_files # return empty list # Store list in tmp to retrieve index tmp=list(times) # Sort list so that largest elements are on the far right times.sort() #print ('5 most recent from lists and indices') for i in range(1, N+1): top_files.append(recent_files[tmp.index(times[-i])]) return top_files if __name__ == "__main__": process_commands(commands) # end of dellstart 进行修改，以使程序运行更快。我的BASHRC_TIME中有很多功能正在运行，您的功能可能运行得更快。

#7 楼

使用screen命令并
-d与现有的屏幕会话分离，然后在此处重新附加
-m强制新的屏幕会话
-S创建命名会话，而不使用默认名称